Music and Sound In Thrillers

The music in thrillers is fairly significant. The sound used adds to the effect the motion picture will have on the audience. it adds different feelings and emotions, sometimes a feeling of suspense and keeps the audience's eyes glued to the screen. Isn't that what you want as a producer of a film? Therefore from these various analysis's I will be able to assess the different types of effects and types of sound os used in thrillers.

Inception

orchestral music that gradually gets faster- to increase suspense and the build up to a climax. 

then deep bass music to also add to the feeling that something dramatic is going to take place.

the slow eerie music makes the audience feel more sucked in into the film, making them want to watch more and start to think ahead of themselves of what might happen in the film next, or even start to predict what the climax will be about and how it will end.

The Conjuring

The sound used in the trailer starts off as diegetic sound, of a happy family just enjoying life. but as it goes on there is soon no sound and then a gradual eerie sound is used to create suspense and a lump in your throat. This built up to the suspense and makes the audience want to look away but not being able to because they want to see more. 

Insidious

This trailer has a minimal use of sound, though this a lot of the time adds a greta effect. The simplistic use of ticking perhaps means that its trying to build suspense and bring you to the edge of you seat. 

Analysing the sound in thrillers has helped me because i have been able to determine that the use of sound is to generally create a feeling of suspense and edge, making you want to know what will happen further. The use of sound is generally in my opinion is what binds the film together and what keeps the audience engaged. 

Saul Bass

Saul Bass was an American director that was most famous for his title sequences in media. His most famous work was from 'The Man with a Golden Arm' by Otto Preminger's in 1995

Analyisis will be up soon:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGnpJ_KdqZE
The title sequence is simple, made entirely of a plan black background, with white lines across the frame creating a cut out effect. The white against black makes a dramatic impact, perhaps giving the impression of a dramatic film.It creates an eerie effect, giving the sequence a tense mood from the beginning. Also, at first the lines appear to be random, with no sense or pattern to them, creating a confusing design that may confuse the audience and hints that the rest of the film may be strange and confusing.Right at the end of the sequence the lines blend to make an arm, showing that the lines are actually symbolising veins within someones arm, giving hints towards a character in the film whose arm is involved, generally connotated with the idea of injecting drugs into the veins.This instantly creates a darker mood and gives the impression that the whole film will have a slightly darker atmosphere.The soundscore for this sequence is highly contrasted to the images as it is quite an up beat jazzy piece. However, this could be quite ironic as it shows the way that a heroin addict feels as though they are happy and feels great when they are on the drugs, when in reality it is ruining them.


He also designed the title sequences for 'The Big Knife' 'The Seven Year Itch' 'Carmen Jones' 'Bette Davis' 'Attack'
 He created a cinematic revolution. When he created his title sequences, they weren't just the fist two minutes of a movie. He wanted a reaction out of his audience.He wanted to know people would feel something, that the first two minutes of the scene would set the tone of the film and plant the seed.



These are the simplistic logos that Saul Bass designed in a simplistic yet creative way.

Survey Analysis

From our survey results we found out that the majority of participants were female and 13 and 17.
52.63% liked the genre comedy over any other genre. However if they were to watch a thriller, our results told us that 63% of people like thrillers and don't mind watching them, however there were 15% of people who completely hated them. Furthermore we were told that 80% prefer cliff hangers. I'm my opinion I think this would be because it keeps the audience engaged with whats happening throughout the film, and to also make sure the film has an effect on the audience post watching it. When we asked what peoples favourite thriller film was the majority of the answer ranged from 'Pulp Fiction, 'Sinister', 'Insidious' and an indian film called 'Talaash' however the most preferred one was 'Psycho'. The type of music that people thought added the most mystery to an opening sequence of a film was a mysterious type of sound. In my opinion i think this would be because it adds a sense of suspense. To add to the suspense the public decided that an abandoned building would be perfect for a thriller.
The idea of a thriller is that it makes the audience will jump when something unexpected happened. and this is what the majority of people preferred 'Jumpy scenes'. Finally to finish off people generally prefer to have a mysterious opening sequence. To conclude I think it is for them to be engaged and 'sucked' in so that they can't stop watching even if they want to!

Alfred Hitchcock

Alfred Hitchcock's first ever films were silent movies. His silent films were called:

• The Lodger- (1926)
• The Ring- (1927)
• Easy Virtue- (1927)
• Champagne- (1928)
• The Farmer's Wife- (1928)

In his interview that I found on our media blog Hitchcock spoke of how he created emotions without sound, and working with what he had. For example in his film The lodger, in one scene they needed people in the mansion to know someone else was there. In a normal motion picture with sound, non-diegetic sound would have been used to highlight someone else's presence. However in a silent film Hitchcock had to use a clear ceiling with a man walking on it, so that the actors below would look up and realise someone is there.

Hitchcock's directing methods have created an impact on directors today. He created codes and conventions and a starting point for the genre of thrillers. Hence the reason that today hybrids and sub genres have been created, so that the film industry doesn't become repetitive- therefore leading to the industry never dying out.
The whole idea eventually comes back to the one point that genre is the main starting point for everything and for the industry to evolve genre must evolve too, which leads to the creation of sub genres and hybrids.

Thriller Sub-Genres



Sub-Genres of Thriller:

Action thriller: This uses mostly physical activity to build tension and suspense. As a traditional action film would have, an action thriller would contain motion and action including; races; fights; physical stunts; and overall a sense of danger. Examples of this type of film include; Die Hard; The Bourne Identity and Taken / Taken 2. 

Psychological thriller: These types of thrillers would most likely be a book of film. As well as the usual thriller aspects, this type of thriller would use mystery and drama to create the suspense and tension. The protagonists and antagonists will have to rely on their mentality. This type of thriller will emphasize the psychology of the characters and focus on their mental emotions. Psychological thrillers because of their nature will sometimes cross over into the horror genre. Examples of this kind of thriller include; Memento and Rear Window.

Conspiracy thriller: This normally includes a hero or heroine who are stereo-typically investigators or journalists - they always find themselves within a powerful organisation. The antagonists in the film will try and contain the organisations as a a secret through wither propaganda or lies. These people are bought down by the protagonist. Examples of these thrillers include The Bourne Ultimatum and The Game.

Crime thriller: This is the hybrid between a crime and a thriller film. These films often focus on criminals and their activities. Crime thrillers normally emphasize the action. they also include a psychological aspect. Crime thrillers will usually include; murder; robberies; chases; heists; and high intensity violence. Examples of a crime thriller would include Inside Man, Seven and A Perfect Murder.

Political thriller: This genre looks into the stability of the government. commonly used scenarios include the US government and their elections, also, the prevention of world wars occurring. Examples of these films include State Of Play and The Contender.

Religious thriller: This type of thriller connects to plots which have been influenced highly by religions. These films normally uncover the good and bad parts to religions; particularly in Catholicism. It normally focuses on the journey to uncover the truth. Examples of this kind of thriller include; The Ninth Gate; Angles&Demons and Devils Advocate.

Techno thriller: this looks at the manipulation of technology and looks at the technology taking a prominent part in the film - this can include mankind being taken over by robots. This sub-genre is purely focused on fictional narratives. Common themes linked with this type of sub-genre include action, world wars and science fictional occurrences. Examples of this film include Terminator; The Matrix; iRobot and The Thirteenth Floor.

Supernatural thriller: This genre is filled with tension and suspense. It will have an unexpected twist at some point in the film. Either the protagonist or the antagonist (depending on the narrative) will have a supernatural gift. This sub-genre is closely linked with religious thrillers. It will normally include; alien life; demons entering the human body and possession. Examples of a supernatural thriller include Fallen; The Others and The Skeleton Key.

By looking at various types of thrillers it has enabled me to understand there are many types and ways to create a thriller and that each one has its own type of criteria to follow in making it a certain type of thriller. It enables me to see that there are many options to look at when it comes to creating an opening scene, it doesn't necessarily have to be a stereotypical thriller one would think of.

Continuity Editing Task First Cut problems and resolution 11/12/13

After we created the the shot list and main idea for our short piece, we started to film it. However along the way we realised it was not as simple as it looked. Following the specific requirements, is slightly more challenging. For example the shot reverse shot proved to be a slight problem, in terms of the technique you used to film it.
There are two ways you can film a shot reverse shot. One way is by stopping and restarting the recording from different angles, the second way is by just positioning the camera in the middle and turning the camera left and right. Initially we tried the method where the camera was positioned in the middle, however the problem we were faced with was being able to cut the conversations in a way that the shot reverse shot was clear and meaningful.
Therefore our final decision was to re-film the scene by stoping and starting the recording.

Problems we have faced so far:
There were a few other minor problems that we faced and they consisted of setting the camera up with the tripod, trying to match on action a scene, however it did not work completely as we only had 2 shots and a match on action generally works better with 3 shots and finally a filming issue whereby in the background a classroom door was open, when it needed to be closed for the scene to flow correctly.

What we are going to do to resolve these problems?
To get the match on action editing technique to work we are going to film another shot from a different angle.
To get the scene to flow correctly we are going to take extra notice that the backdrop is set to fit the scene.

Problems- 

After watching the final cut, we concluded that we had a few problems. 

our first problem was that towards the end, the camera had cut off one of the actors head, half way through, the person manning the camera realised and moved the camera slightly to fit the persons head in. This as a result to not having a controlled camera which as an affect can decrease our mark significantly. 

Secondly our shot reverse shot was not shot from the right angles. The camera needed to be further away. 

Finally our use of match on action used three shots as needed- to represent the characters travels in a quicker way however didn't actually show the character sitting down, it just cut straight to us sitting down- therefore resulting in the shot not being clear. 

Solutions- 

To fix these issues we are going to conduct a second shot whereby we will take extra precautions with the use of editing in terms of the match on action and making each stage completely clear. In terms of camera use we will ensure the shot is properly framed each time we stop and start the recording to prevent any further errors. 

Feedback

Our teacher has given us some feedback about our video today and we are going to address the problems when we re-shoot and re-edit within the next few days. He told us that out 180 degree angle was fine and we had applied it correctly. The match on action shot that we had applied, we had used the dissolve transition rather than a straight cut, from the feedback we were given, we have been advised just to cut as we have been told to definitely not use the dissolve effect. The third shot of our match on action shot told us that we should show the characters sitting down so that we are continuing to track the movement of the characters. Before the characters enter the scene, we have been advised to have an establishing shot, we have decided to ether have the camera looking at the door for a few seconds or we will stand the camera far away from the door so the establishing shot shows a lot of the background and then we will slowly zoom into the door to show that something important could be happening in the video. With our teachers advice we found problems with the characters sat outside the door, and we couldn't see the mothers face when she was speaking, as our shot reverse shot had failed later on in the video we are going to keep that part how it is apart from filing the last clip as the sons head was cut off at the top. The shot reverse shot is going to be filmed outside the classroom from each point of view of each of the characters.

My evaluation of the first cut

When starting the first cut of this editing task, my initial thoughts were that by researching where people went wrong in the past, I would be able to prevent those mistakes. However this was no as easy as it looked. The attention to small details needed is essential. For example the simplest of things that the camera needs to be a few centimetres left or right to be able to fit the SRS shoot criteria.

Continuity Editing Task (basic instructions)

We have started the basic editing technique task. In this task, our basic goal is to create a shot list for our short piece lasting no longer than 90 seconds.

This task has some specific requirements. They consist of:

• not breaking the 108 degree rule- this is where the camera may not cross the invisible straight line. 

The 108 degree rule is basically an invisible line that shows the spacial relationship between characters on scree, this is generally used when it comes to a conversation. A shot like this makes it easier for the audience to follow and understand the order of the conversation. Here is a diagram to demonstrate:

• including shot reverse shot 
• include a variety of camera angles 
• the use of editing to make sure the continuity of the scene is clear
• more than one location
• interaction between others
• non-diegetic sound

This is our first attempt for the shot list:

The person manning the camera is Chelsea Wilson 

The actors are myself (Priyanka Chawla), Aman Dhillon and Luke Maye's

Film Noir-REDO

Film Noir is is a cinematic term that describes a hollywood crime drama.


Thrillers also use Film Noir, which means it is in black and white and the use of lots of shadows.
Film Noir enhances the gloomy murder mystery type of tone.

work in progress

Codes and Conventions in the use of thrillers

Conventions are decoded to relate to representation. They are broken down into four categories:

Speech: 

This is how a character has accepted and developed the narrative through the text. also they way in which he/she performed it.

Music:

The use of diegetic and non-diegetic sound is used to add to the atmosphere, realism, dramatic effect of verisimilitude.

Sound Effects:

How the use of these add to the realism of the scene. 

Editing:

This is how the 'flow' of the drama is aided by different editing techniques such as cross sits, fades, dissolve, jump cuts. etc. The use of these techniques add to the representational aspect of the broadcast.

A code is something that creates a meaning for the media text and can be split into two categories: 

technical and symbolic.

To conclude the use of codes and conventions for a thriller are very effective. The reason being is that the use of music and sound effects is that they can create a certain atmosphere, for example an orchestral church sound in a thriller, would provoke a feeling of tension and an uncomfortable atmosphere, which is generally what a thriller is meant to do to a member of the audience.
Another aspect of codes and conventions that I think can be used in a diverse and useful way is the speech. The use of speech in my opinion is that the less speech there is the more effect it has on the scene, the more tension and atmosphere it builds to create a scene of complete suspense and horror.

International Thrillers

When doing thrill research we have to be aware that there are many types of thrillers not just hollywood thrillers. There is such a thing called international thrillers. Looking at these thrillers gives us more options and different film techniques we could possibly use for our opening scene.
For example I started off by look at 'The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo' this is a swedish thriller.

Analysis- 'The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo'

The use of cut away shots every second emphasises the pace of this film and the rate at which you have to keep up. It also keeps the audience on edge at all times gives you an insight to how much is going to be happening in the film.

The sound used in this opening scene begins with a howling scream- this type of non-diegetic sound that has been used, has been used to create an uncomfortable atmosphere when watching the seen, to make one feel awkward and trapped. Almost feeling what the people in the opening sequence are feeling. This brings me on to imagery:

The imagery used shows two people being tortured. This type of imagery for a thriller emphasises that this film is trying to make the audience uncomfortable and on edge the whole time. Making them feel as if they are the ones suffering and being tortured.

Looking at AS coursework

When the research process began, I began to think about what i needed to make my work the best it could be. Therefore when I began looking at previous students coursework, I was looking out for many things. In my mind I decided that what i was looking out for was what people did well- and if they did what techniques did they follow? However just looking at what they did right is not going to help. I also looked out at what they did not so well on, aspects that would lower your mark. for example- a shaky camera, half of a screen cut off or when editing the same scene looks different from one point to another.

To conclude this exercise has helped me set objectives on in our heads when working on the actual piece. Gives a guideline to work with to carry on improving our work.

This is an example of an A grade piece. From this I picked out things our group should use for example:

• The camera was steady throughout which made the piece look professional. 
• editing techniques that were used were varied and clearly used which helped build the intense emotions that come along with a thriller 
• The sound used worked well with creating suspicion and a cold feeling within the viewer and fit well with the opening sequence. 

Thriller Research

Thriller genre

Thriller uses suspense, tension and excitement as its main elements. Thrillers heavily stimulate the viewers moods, giving them a high level of anticipation, ultra-heightened expectation, uncertainty, surprise, anxiety and/or terror. Films of this genre tend to be adrenaline-rushing, gritty, rousing and fast paced.

A thriller provides the sudden rush of emotions, excitement, and exhilaration that drive the narrative, sometimes subtly with peaks and lulls, sometimes at a constant, breakneck pace. It keeps the audience on “the edge of their seats”.

Thrillers often make use of literary devices such as red herrings, plot twists and cliffhangers. A thriller is usually a villain driven plot which presents various problems a protagonist must overcome.

Psychological thrillers are fictional thriller storys which enphasizes the psychology of its characters and their unstable emotional states, with similarities to gothic and detective fiction in sense of “dissolving sense of reality”, moral ambiguity, and complex and tortured relationships between obsessive and pathological characters.

Psychological thrillers often incorporate elements of mystery, drama and horror.

Examples: The Machinist, House of 9, Straw Dogs, Shutter Island.

Supernatural thrillers bring in otherworldly elements(such as fantasy and/or supernatural) mixed with tension, suspense and plot twists. Sometime the protagonist and/or villain have some form of psychic ability or super powers. Examples: The Dead Zone, Chronicle, Frequency.

Techno Thrillers are suspense films in which manipulation of sophisticated technology plays a prominent part. Examples: Jurassic Park

Spy Thriller: The protagonist is generally a government agent who must take violent action against agents of a rival government or (in recent years) terrorists. The sub genre usually deals with the subject of fictional espionage in a realistic way. Its is a significant aspect of British cinema.

Examples: The parallax View, The Tailor of Panama, Taken, Unknown.

Codes and Conventions

Characters: Resourceful Heroes, Convicts, Soldiers, Spies, Law enforcement, stalkers, men associated with danger, criminals, assassins, Innocents which are dragged into danger, Psychos, Prisoners

Themes: Terroism, Political conspiracy, Psychological mind games, supernatural events, crime, spies, chase, suspense

Symbolism: Cars, Weapons, Urban settings, tension building music, fast paced editing, low lighting

Effect on Audience: Excitement, suspense, anticipation, nerve wrecking tension, anxiety, uncertainty

Alfred Hitchcock

Alfred Hitchcock was the most famous thriller director of his time and was said to have helped shape the modern-day thriller genre. He was said to be considered a master of manipulating is audiences fear and desires, and taking viewers into a state of association with facing the reality of the character. He would often include a taboo or sexually-related theme into his films.

Hitchcock's films often placed an innocent victim (an average person) into a strange, life-threatening or terrorising situation, due to mistaken identity, misidentification or wrongful accusation.

Common Traits of Thriller Films

-Low Key Lighting

-Shadows

-Obtrusive Editing(Quick Cuts, Changes in camera angles)

-Tension Music

-Stairs

-Flashbacks

-Black and White

-Freeze Frames

-Slow Motion

Researching evalutation questions

By looking at the final evaluation questions, as a group we can start to set criteria's we need to meet in order to get the best grade possible.

• In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real
media products? 
• How does your media product represent particular social groups? 
• What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why? 
• Who would be the audience for your media product? 
• How did you attract/address your audience? 
• What have you learned about technologies from the process of constructing this product? 
• Looking back at your preliminary task, what do you feel you have learned in the progression from
it to the full product?

The Art of a Title sequence

The art of a title sequence is the way in which the opening of a film is set. The factors that are dependant on it are the typography (style f text), the background, the sound used, the feeling it is intending to create.

The art of a title sequence is especially significant when it comes to a thriller. 

To assess how The art of a title sequence varies, I have analysed different types of thrillers and there opening scene. This helps me get a better understanding of how thrillers are altered to have an affect on the audience. 

Se7en- 1995

The typography used in this film is hand sketched in quite a rough and uncomfortable way. This style of text is used to add a layer of temporal distress. 

The sound used starts of slow and eerie building a sense of suspense, slowly the sound turns electric becoming more uncomfortable.
The use of flashing images portrays a disturbing feeling.
To conclude the opening scene introduces the themes of hopelessness, apathy, desperation and violence.

Ernest Scared Stupid- 1991

This film is a mix of physical comedy, puns and reference to classical films (during the opening scene)

The typography used is very colourful yet has an element of thriller by the blood dripping down.
This gives the feel of a comical thriller.

The imagery used connotes that the film is like an old style haunted house type of film. However in 1991 this type of film may have been considered scary but at present it wouldn't be considered scary because as an audience we have become desensitised to that type of sub genre and makes us laugh more than anything.

The sound used also adds to the art of the title sequence because it starts of with the sort of dracula horror then gradually has a comical element added to it.



To conclude 'The Art of a Title Sequence' is very important as it sets the tone of the film and also gives the viewer an insight as to what to expect.

The art of a title sequence may include aspects like key events that take place during the course of the film. It is also common that the typography would last around 3 seconds (minimum) this is decided depending on the affect the producer would like to have on the audience.

Post Production Sound & Camera Shots

Types of sound used in Media
Parallel sound- the sound matches what is on screen at that moment.
Contrapuntal sounds- sound that opposes what you see on screen.
Sound Bridge- music that carries on from one scene going onto the next.
Ambient sound- a type of sound you would expect to hear in that specific location e.g.- traffic
Foley sound- every day sounds added to a certain clip.

Camera Shots
Aerial Shot- when the camera moves at a high angel giving the viewer a wide angled birds eye view. this gives an effect of grandness and the eye on the goal.
Tracking Shot- when the camera follows movement of a character or object.
Tilt Shot- the camera is stationery  fixed at one point and only moves up and down. This gives the effect that the particular scene is grand and vast, gives a sense of depth.
Pan Shot- the camera is stationery at one point and only moves left and right.

Theories to come to a better understanding between media texts and the audience.

The Effects Model
This theory is linked towards a negative aspect.

• Imitation- as a member of an audience you copy what you see associated to the negative side of things.
• Catharsis- watching something bad to make your self feel better about yourself as a person. The idea that you are releasing your own real life problems through the narrative of media texts.
• Desensitisation- the idea that things shown in the media do not effect us anymore- we feel nothing from what they show us. We are used to what is been shown.

Uses and Gratification

1. Personal Identity- created through media. 
2. Surveillance- what we learn about the world we live in.
3. Pleasure- Entertainment and satisfaction. 
4. Diversion- escapism... escaping to a 'perfect world' ignoring/forgetting the real world we live in. 

Audience Theory

For any type of media text... there is always a target audience set. There are many aspects of differentiation:

• age
• gender
• hobbies & interestes
• experiences
• regional identity 
• disability
• race/ethnicity
• cultural background
• class

To be able to come to a better understanding of the relationship between the media text and audience. We have been give three theories:

1. The Effects Model or the Hypodermic Model
2. The Uses and Gratifications Model
3. The Reception Theory

There are also three ways of consuming/ engaging media texts:

1. Primary- active audience 
2. Secondary 
3. Tertiary- passive audience 

with this you start to create an ideology such as a negative stereotype. Ideology is a set of values and beliefs that are dominant in society today. 

semiotics

Semiotics- this is a study of a system that will allow us to deconstruct media texts to understand how meaning is being created.

Signs are used to connote something, for example, the colour red may be used to connote either the characters anger or love for another character. Or a prop may be used to connote a certain social status, for example in an episode of outnumbered, a half used bottle of olive oil may connote they are a working class family who work together and cook for each other.

Key terms-
signifier- the object itself
signified- what the object is representing
denotation- the literal meaning of a sign (what it is)
connotation- the interpreted meaning of the sign(s)
iconic- those which work through resemblance (photographs)
symbolic-those which are learned (arbitrary signs such as words)
indexical- those which work through a link (smoke links with fire)

A code is put together with many little signs, which are decoded or interpreted by the audience.
media texts shows not the truth but an interpretation of the truth.
signs are polysemic- which refers to the capacity of all signs to be "many signs"

Mass audience are still passive recipients of media texts?- do you agree?

Definition of Passive-  Unconsciously taking on a message.

The argument is that, do we as an audience take on messages the media gives out without realizing?
For example, the image we have of an 'ideal' man and woman, does it come from media text?
Its how certain images are represented, a woman is stereotypicaly represented as a woman with a big chest, small waist and big hips. Therefore its perceived that the most beautiful type of woman is one that looks like that. However, if the media presented the 'perfect' woman as one who is typically curvy, and we as an audience saw it regularly, would we start to believe that body shape is 'fit'?
The same goes for the male figure. Its perceived that a man with the abs and muscles is the fittest guy! However, does this make men that don't have that specific look, does that make them ugly?
Through this theory we as an audience become a passive audience and see this as the norm, creating positive and negative.

Looking at this argument I do agree with this term to a certain degree. My reasoning for this is that, as an audience, community and world we have all come up with a certain stereotype. As i mentioned before about the typical gender stereotypes. Where do these ideas come from, they must have been influenced upon us without realising- 'Passive audience'

However on the other hand I do believe that there are a variety of things shown in media, but we as an audience chose what we want to follow. For example, fashion and style. There are many different types out there, but you chose as a person what you prefer and what style will influence you. Therefore making you a primary audience- someone who is aware of what they are watching, and what messages they are taking on board.

In preparation for the assessment

In preparation for the assessment we have identified 4 key areas we need to make notes on during the screening of the extract. these are:
-Mise-en-scene
-Sound
-Editing
-Camera

Within these categories, I have learnt that you should link it back to different theories, for example binary opposites and how semiotics are represented.

For example as a practice we analysed an extract from Prim-evil. 
The question how is gender represented in this extract?
Key aspects I linked back to were obvious binary opposites used and any subversion between the male and female characters..
An example of this is that in this extract the female character was more dominant compared to the male character. I noticed this through the costume and the actions the character was using.
This was also shown through with the different camera angles that were used. many close ups on the female character to show domination and control, and many shots were used to look down on the male to show less significance and weakness. This is a clear example of subverting.

Genre (detailed)

With genre there is constant renegotiation between the industry, audience and genre. this is shown through with Steve Neale's Tripartite system:
genre is one way of working through important myths and fears  of the audience and this is done by repetition, variation and resolution. It is used to create a reassuring feeling for the audience, and to forget the problems of the real world, for example- threat is usually quashed in a films, gangs are punished and outlaws become civilized. The use of genre helps 'tidy up' the world and just lets one escape problems just for a few hours
genre works like a language because it has different rules and vocab to follow, which brings everything in media together.

Applying different theories

By looking at my story board using ideas of other narrative theorists, it helps you understand what each type of character is like.
Also by applying a different types of narrative structure to the story, can change the meaning of the story, but not what the story is trying to tell us. This is because there are different ways that each member of  the audience interpret the story shown.

Key Theorists

There are four key theorists that have different ideas about what the narrative is.

Propp

His idea is that characters drive the narrative, he also analysed russian folk tales by their structure, that had the typical 'happily ever after' that is used in hollywood films and Disney films.
He had 8 main types of characters:
-heros the protagonist
-villain the antagonist
-princess
-father
-dispatcher
-donor
-sidekick
-false hero

Barthes
His idea of the Narrative is that it is a series of codes that are read an understood by the audience of the piece of media.
his series of codes were as follows:
-action code
This is an action that means that the audience already knows what is happening by, whats on the screen, e.g. someone on a wheelchair tells us they are disabled.

-enigma code
something that creates the audience to be intrigued, because a key fact is hidden.

-semic code
something the audience recoginses through connotations.

-symbolic code
something that symbolizes a more abstract concept.

-cultural code
something that is read due to cultural awareness.

Todorov
Todorov's theory is about the idea that a story start with some sort of an equilibrium (everyday life, something that sets scene.), and leads into disruption (a complication that stars after the equilibrium.). Then conflict (which is the climax, where the problem is being solved.) which then leads into a resolution (where the problem is sorted). Finally leading to an equilibrium that was different from the first (this is a pleasing ending, where things go back to normal, but its a new normal.)

Levi-Strausse
His idea of the narrative was that it was created by binary opposites.
For example- love&hate, black&white, good&evil.

Narrative Theory

The Narrative is they way in which a story is told.

The Narrative theory explores many convections:
-Genre
-Character
-Form
-Time

There are different narrative theories used in media. In many films an ellipses is used to fill in blanks of the story and to highlight key events of the film.
The  most classic structure is the LINERA STRUCTURE, in this structure there is a clear beginning, middle and an end where there is closure.

However there are other structure that do not follow a chronological order.
An open structure: the audience are left to make sense of the story themselves linking it to the series of events that happened in the movie before. They are left wondering, what next... The complete opposite structure to this is the closed structure: this means that there is a clear and definite ending, conclusion to the piece.
The next structure used is the circular structure. this is where the story starts at the end and the audience go on a journey to come back to the end.

Editing in Narrative

Editing plays a large roll when it comes to the production of any type of video. editing consists of: transitions, cutting shots and changing positions of different shots. the use of editing can change the meaning of a film completely. for example different types of transitions can either make the scene more exaggerated or more natural. 

the main types of transitions used in television are: 

• fade to white 
• straight cut
• crossfade
• wipe

The use of editing changes the story completely. For example we created a short story board of events. If we were to start the story board with the the 4th shot, how would that affect the rest of our scene?
We tried this, and as a result we had to move many of the other shots, in oder for the scene to make sense.

Editing is used to manipulate the audience into thinking in a certain way. For instance in a scene you see something is about to happen, then you see the result of what 'supposedly happened' therefore as an audience we think something happened, though we didn't actually see it.

How can genre aid me in relation to my

Genre is a set of convections, that is recognised through iconography, familiar narrative, mise-en-scene, actors and style of representation. Knowing how genre is represented in many different ways, will help me with my aim because, having the knowledge on how different aspects affect genre, will allow me to focus on creating a certain genre. This will help us develop our films' genre throughout the process of creation, of our opening scene. This will be done by using many different aspects of mise-en-scene. For example: camera angles, sound, lighting, props and costume and make-up.

Introduction to the brief

Brief: The title and opening of a new fiction film, to last a minimum of two minutes

•  Research
• Planning
• Filming 
• Post Production

During the course of production, we have to ensure that all of our sources are completely original. We also have to ensure the sources  do not have copy right.